UNIT 14
Key Vocab:
civilization الحضارة reform إصلاح / يصلح
adviser/advisor مستشار / ناصح almost تقريبا
battle معركة eventually في النهاية
fortunately لحسن الحظ go missing يصبح مفقود
oppose يعارض trap يحتجز
a best-seller كتاب يحقق أعلي نسبة مبيعات explorer مستكشف
poet شاعر behaviour سلوك
behave يتصرف / يسلك
Vocabulary:
king Solomon الملك سليمان collect money يجمع مال
mines منجم strangely بشكل غريب
adventurer شخص مغامر powerful (adj.) قوى
hunter صائد (حيوانات) forces (n.) قوات / قُوي
across the desert عبر الصحراء cruel قاس
hidden مخفى violent عنيف
valley وادي diamond ماس
soldiers جنود treasure كنز
army جيش escape = run away يهرب
capture يأسر journey رحلة
diamond mine منجم ماس oasis واحة
gun بندقية objectives أهداف
criminal مجرم/اجرامى unknown مجهول / غير معروف
struggle يكافح critical thinking تفكير نقدي
relationship علاقة partner شريك
tolerant متسامح website موقع على الانترنت
busy مشغول bookshop مكتبة لبيع الكتب
collect يجمع society مجتمع
explain يشرح well-organised جيد التنظيم
explanation شرح / تفسير a play مسرحية
system نظام educational تعليمي
effective فعال / مؤثر civil war حرب أهلية
fair عادل / جميل / معرض oil company شركة بترول
climate change تغير في الطقس popularity شهرة / شيوع
rescue ينقذ abroad الخارج
position وضع finish university ينهى الدراسة الجامعية
musician موسيقار Spanish flu انفلوانزا اسبانية
environmental problem مشكلة بيئية servant خادم
space exploration استكشاف الفضاء challenge تحدى
a global society مجتمع عالمي faraway(adj.) بعيد
mysterious غامض
Words and their antonyms:
victory نصر defeat هزيمة
fortunate محظوظ unfortunate سيء الحظ
correct صحيح incorrect خطأ
dead ميت alive على قيد الحياة
master سيد servant خادم
strange غريب familiar مألوف
well بشكل جيد badly بشكل سيء
keen مهتم indifferent لا مبالي
Prepositions:
die of thirst يموت من العطش manage to يتمكن من
succeed in ينجح في rich in غنى بـ
ask for help يطلب المساعدة popular with مألوف لدى
kind of نوع من kind to عطوف على
catch up with يساير / يواكب keep up with يساير / يواكب
move from ... to يتحرك من ... إلى ... get out of يخرج من
say goodbye to يودع on their way في طريقهم
stop at an oasis يتوقف في واحة an adviser on مستشار في
an adviser to مرشد / مستشار have advice for لديه نصيحة لـ
opposition to معارضة لـ aware of على علم أو دراية بـ / واعي بـ
Irregular Verbs:
stick/stuck/stuck يلصق spoil/spoilt/spoilt يفسد/يتلف
strike/struck/struck يضرب spring/sprang/sprung يقفز
swear/swore/sworn يقسـم steal/stole/stolen يسرق
spoil/spoiled/spoiled يفسد sting/stung/stung يلدغ
swing/swung/swung يتأرجح string/strung/strung يربط أو يثبت بخيط
Derivatives:
Verb Noun Adjective
behaveيسلك/ يتصرف behaviourسلوك behaviouralسلوكي
civilizeيهذب civilization حضارة civilizedمتحضر
reformيصلح/إصلاح reformationإصلاح
adviseينصح adviceنصيحة
advisor/adviserمرشد advisable مرغوب فيه
opposeيعارض oppositionمعارضة
opponentشخص معارض opposingمعارض
trapيحتجز trapفخ / مصيدة trappedمحتجز
exploreيستكشف explorationاستكشاف explorerمستكشف exploratoryاستكشافي
Important Vocabulary for translation and composition:
impede = hinder يعوق overcome obstacles يتغلب على العقبات
promote يرقى / يطور a political party حزب سياسي
flourish يزدهر prosper ينجح / يفلح
resignation استقالة disputes نزاعات
crisis (crises) أزمة (أزمات) drought جفاف
protest against يحتج ضد condemn يدين / يستنكر
public sector القطاع العام private sector القطاع الخاص
insurance التأمين customs عادات / الجمارك
freedom of thought حرية الفكر freedom of expression حرية التعبير
Language Notes
•the problem of مشكلة..
• We should find a solution to the problem of overpopulation.
•What's the problem with ..? ما المشكلة في ..
• What's the problem with your computer?
•What relation is ….to ….? ما صلة القرابة بين ..و..
• What relation is Ali to Ahmed? They are cousins.
•One of …(is) … لاحظ استخدام فعل مفرد
• One of these books is very useful.
•لاحظ الفعل المفرد في الجمل التالية:
• Reading books is a useful hobby.
• Building new houses costs a lot of money.
•العبارات الدالة علي الثمن والزمن والمسافة يأتي معها الفعل في صورة المفرد:
• Two hundred pounds is too much for this shirt.
• Five miles is a long way to walk.
• Five hours is not enough to do this job.
•Stop … +(from) v+ing يمنع
• He stopped the other team (from) scoring goals.
•Almost = nearly
• I have almost finished. = I have nearly finished
•لاحظ أنه مع الكلمات الدالة علي النفي نستخدم عادة almost
• Almost nobody was there.
• He eats almost nothing.
•Fail + n.يرسب / يفشل في •fail + to+inf.
• He failed the exam. • He failed to do the job.
•Succeed in = manage to
• He succeeded in doing the job. • He managed to do the job.
•most = very
• I'm most interested in languages.
• We are most worried about pollution.
Compound nouns: الأسماء المركبة
One word Two words Hyphenated word
bookshopمكتبة لبيع الكتب shop assistantبائع / بائعة best-sellerأفضل مبيعات
goldmine منجم ذهب bust stopمحطة أتوبيس air-conditioner مكيف هواء
goalkeeper حارس مرمي train station محطة قطار
motorbike دراجة نارية /موتوسيكل adventure story قصة مغامرات
playground ملعب diamond mine منجم ماس
bathroom حمام alarm clock منبه
footballer لاعب كرة shoe shop محل أحذية
Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:
Choose the correct answer:
1. A (bus stairs – bus stop – bus side – bus place) is a place where you can catch a bus.
2. After the accident, the man was (tricked – stepped – stayed –trapped) in his car for two hours, but someone heard him and rescued him.
3. I didn't know it was so late. It's (almost – most – must – waste) 3 o'clock.
4. I think the man in the local shop is (offending – overusing – opposing – imposing) the opening of the new supermarket.
5. I didn't have much sleep last night, but (unluckily – fortunately – unfortunately – unusually) I don't have to go to school today.
6. My uncle is an (adviser – accuser – admirer – avenger) to the government on the economy.
7. The crew of a small fishing boat has (done – made – acted – gone) during a storm at sea.
8. (Unfortunately – Interestingly – Hopefully – Normally), my brother failed his exam, even though he had worked very hard,
9. There is growing (composition – preposition – opposition – position) in Europe to factories that make a lot of pollution,
10- If you visit Egypt, it is (achievable – advisable – adjustable – available) to wear a hat if you go out in the sun.
11- Our football team beat the (opposed – opposing – oppose – depositing) team 3-1.
12- We are (fortunate – stubborn – gloomy – unfortunate) to have one of the country's best musicians visiting us today.
13- An (adventurer – accountant – electrician - adviser) is someone whose job is to give advice.
14- It was the most important (bottle – settle - battle – cattle) in the whole war.
15- They waited for six hours. (Ending – Eventually – Secondly - Usually) they decided to leave.
16- To (trap – tap – trip – tick) means to put someone in a position they cannot escape from.
17- Many people (opposed – advertised – supported – collapsed) the construction of the new tower. They didn't like it at all.
18- He went (fishing – camping – swimming - missing). This means he became lost.
19- He was so thirsty that he (most – almost – most of – must) died.
20- A lot of employees (opposed – poisoned – imprisoned – deposited) the manager's decision.
Find the mistake in each of the following sentences and write it correctly:
1- A playwright is a person who writes poems
2- The government does its best to reclaim the education system.
3- The police set a trip for the thieves.
4- His latest novel was a best sale.
5- We should all take part in the bottle against disease and poverty.
.
Prepositions after nouns, verbs and adjectives
Prepositions after nouns:
reason for سبب لـ cause of سبب لـ
apology for اعتذار عن the problem of مشكلة الـ
damage to تلف في the aim of هدف الـ
an answer to حل لـ a supply of مؤن / امداد
a solution to حل لـ increase in زيادة فى
an obstacle to عائق لـ decrease in نقص في
a reply to رد على the matter with الخطأ فى
an effect on تأثير على wrong with الخطأ فى
Prepositions after adjectives:
brilliant at
رائع في terrified of مرتعب من
bad at سيء في ashamed of خجلان من
terrible at سيء / فظيع في responsible for مسئول عن
wonderful at رائع في famous for مشهور بـ
good at ماهر في good for مفيد لـ
clever at ماهر في ready for مستعد لـ
hopeless at ميئوس منه qualified for مؤهل لـ
annoyed with متضايق من (شخص) bad for ضار لـ
furious with غاضب بشدة من sorry about/for آسف بشأن
bored with يشعر بالملل من mad about مهووس بـ
familiar with مألوف لـ sad about حزين بشأن
angry with غاضب من (شخص) excited about مثار من
disappointed with خاب أمله (في شخص) worried about قلق بشأن
pleased with مسرور من happy about سعيد بـ
delighted with مسرور من crazy about مهووس بـ
crowded with مزدحم بـ curious about فضولي بشأن
satisfied with راضي عن dependent on معتمد علي
proud of فخور بـ keen on مهتم بـ
frightened of خائف من involved in متورط في
full of مليء بـ rich in غني بـ
scared of خائف من interested in مهتم بـ
Prepositions after verbs:
find out about يعرف عن prevent from يمنع من
wonder about يتساءل بشأن differ from يختلف عن
tell someone about يخبر شخص عن complain to يشكو لشخص
think about / of يفكر في belong to يخص
dream about/of يحلم بـ apply to يتقدم بطلب لشخص أو شركة
hear about / of يسمع عن object to يعترض علي
complain about يشكو من intend to ينوي
know about يعرف عن apologise to يعتذر لشخص
talk about يتحدث عن accuse of يتهم بـ
read about يقرأ عن consist of يتكون من
warn about يحذر من die of يموت بسبب
search for يبحث عن result in يؤدي الي
apologise for يعتذر عن شيء succeed in ينجح في
hope for يأمل في believe in يؤمن بـ
blame .. for يلوم علي help in/with يساعد في
apply for (a job) يتقدم بطلب لوظيفة deal with يتناول / يتعامل مع
work for يعمل لدي do without يستغني عن
hear from يتلقي أخبارا من charge with يتهم بـ
protect ..from / against يحمي من rely on = depend on يعتمد علي
suffer from يعاني من concentrate on يركز علي
recover from يشفي من congratulate on بهنيء بـ
result from ينتج من crash into يصطدم بـ
•بعد حروف الجر نستخدم فعل مضاف له ing أو اسم أو ضمير:
He is worried about losing his job.
He is worried about the exam.
He's worried about it.
Choose the correct answer:
1. What was the reason (about – for – to – in) the accident?
2. There has been an increase (about – for – to – in) the number of tourists going to Luxor.
3. Many people are worried (about – for – to – in) the problem of climate change.
4. The earthquake caused damage (about – for – to – in) many houses.
5. I hope they gave him an apology (for – in – at – about) their bad behaviour.
6. He is brilliant (for – in – at – about) writing exciting stories.
7. Shakespeare was most famous (for – in – at – about) his plays.
8. He was keen (for – in – on – about) writing, even as a boy.
9. I'd be interested (for – in – at – about) learning more about Rider Haggard.
10. I was annoyed (for – in – at – with) him for being late.
11. I'm proud (for – in – of – about) my brother - he has done so well at school.
12. My little brother is terrified (for – of – at – about) birds.
13. Are you excited (for – in – at – about) going to China?
14. I'm sorry (with – in – at – about) forgetting to phone you.
15. Where can I find out (for – in – at – about) climate change?
16. My brother is going to apply (for – in – at – about) a job at the university.
17. I think that car belongs (for – in – at – to) one of our teachers.
18. The explorers were looking (for – in – with – about) diamonds.
19. My uncle worked (for – in – at – about) the Egyptian government.
20. He helped in the reform (for – in – of – about) education.
21. I haven't hear (for – in – at – from) my brother for two months.
22. Until I read King Solomon's Mines, I'd never heard (for – in – at – of) Rider Haggard.
23. I must apologise (for – in – at – to) being late.
24. Our hotel room was too hot, so we complained (for – to – at – about) the hotel manager about it.
25. Our flat consists (for – in – at – of) a kitchen, a living room, a bathroom and two bedrooms.
26. He died (for – in – of – about) heart disease. He'd been suffering from the problem for many years.
27. He crashed (for – in – at – into) a tree because he was driving too fast
28. William Shakespeare is more famous (for – by – from – of) his plays than his novels.
29. Nobody knows the real reason (with – to – for – of) the film's popularity.
30. Ali loves English, but he's not very good (for – at – by – with) maths.
Find the mistake in each of the following sentences and write it correctly:
1- We must find an answer for the problem of climate change.
2- The main cause for global warming is the pollution from factories.
3- I'd like to find out more with studying in a different country.
4- Egypt is most famous at its beautiful Pyramids.
5- My brother isn't very good for playing basketball.
6- Smoking may result from cancer.
7- She recovered about her illness.
8- We should protect the environment with pollution.
9- He complained with hotel manager about the food he had for breakfast.
10- She was ashamed about herself when she made a mistake.
Reported Statements
Direct Indirect Direct Indirect
say say say to tell
says says says to tells
said said said to told
تحذف inverted commas و يمكن استخدام that أو تحذف.
تتغير الأزمنة كما يلي:
Direct Indirect Direct Indirect
write / writes wrote will would
wrote had written shall would
is / are writing was / were writing may might
have / has written had written can could
has / have been writing had been writing must had to
was / were writing had been writing
هناك كلمات معينة تتغير في غير المباشر كما يلي:
Direct Indirect Direct Indirect
now then tonight that night
this that tomorrow the next day
these those yesterday the day before
here there today that day
(two days) ago (two days)before yet by then
last week the week before / the previous week next week the following week
the day before yesterday two days before the day after tomorrow in two days’ time
تحذف inverted commas و يمكن استخدام that أو تحذف
تتغير الأزمنة في الماضي كما يلي:
لاحظ تغيير الضمائر:
• She said, “I shall write the letter tomorrow.”
She said she would write the letter the next day.
• He said to me, “I can’t do it now.”
He told me he couldn’t do it then.
• He said to me, "I didn't see the robbers last night."
He told me he hadn't seen the robbers the night before.
لا تتغير الأزمنة إذا كان فعل say(s) في المضارع:
• She says, “I don’t believe in this nonsense.”
She says she doesn’t believe in that nonsense.
لا تتغير الأزمنة إذا كانت الجملة تعبر عن حقيقة:
• She said, “ If water freezes, it changes into ice.
She said that if water freezes, it changes into ice.
لا تتغير الأزمنة إذا كانت الجملة قيلت منذ فترة وجيزة:
• He said just now, “I have already done my work.”
He said just now he has already done his work.
في حالة وجود if يتغير الزمن في الحالة الأولى فقط:
• He said, “If it is fine, I’ll go for a swim.”
He said if it were fine, he would go for a swim.
في حالة وجود جملتين نستخدم and that أو and added that:
• He said to me, “ I didn’t post the letter. I’ll ask John to post it for me.”
He told me he hadn’t posted the letter and that he would ask John to post it for him.
يمكن استخدام الأفعال الآتية بدلا من said to عند نقل الجملة إلى غير المباشر ويأتي بعدها v+ing:
suggest / admit / deny / apologize for/objected to/insisted on + (v-ing)
• He said, “ Let’s discuss this matter now.”
He suggested discussing that matter then.
في حالة استخدام that بعد deny / admit تحول الجملة بنفس القواعد السابقة:
• He said, “ I wasn’t there when the crime happened.”
He denied being there when the crime happened.
He denied that he had been there when the crime happened.
يمكن استخدام الأفعال الآتية بدلا من said to عند نقل الجملة إلى غير المباشر ويأتي بعدها to + inf.:
Promised/offered /advised/agreed/threatened/advised/refused/reminded/decided/ +(to+inf.)
• He said, “ I’ll give you all the money you need.”
He promised to give me all the money I needed.
He promised that he would give me all the money I needed.
• He said to me , “ You ought to do your job well.”
He advised me to do my job well.
Choose the correct answer:
1- He promised (to buying – buying – to buy – bought) me a present if I passed the exam.
2- She threatened (to call – calling – calls – to calling) the police if I didn't leave.
3- She denied (steal – to steal – steals – stealing) anything from the shop.
4- He objected to (construct – constructing – constructs – constructed) a new factory near his house.
5- Our teacher told us that the ocean (has been – had been – is – to be) deeper than the sea.
6- Our neighbour told the police that he (sees – has seen – was seeing – had seen) a dead body the night before.
7- She said she (is – was – will – would) going to study law at the university of Harvard.
8- He advised me (to take – taking – took – had taken) more care of myself.
9- She says she (don't – hasn't – isn't – doesn't believe) in superstitions.
10- He has just said that he (had never been – will never be – has never been – can never be) to koala Lumpur.
Find the mistake in each of the following sentences and write it correctly:
1- He agreed on helping me with my homework.
2- He suggested to look for the information on the internet.
3- He reminded me with buying a newspaper for him.
4- She told me she is going to buy a new house.
5- My elder brother decided for traveling abroad.
Communication Skills
Asking for help Agreeing to help someone
Please could you help me to..? Yes, of course..
I wonder if you could help me with..? Yes, what's the problem?
I can't (find..). I don't suppose you could help me.. Yes. What would you like me to do?
Would it be possible for you to help me..? I'd be happy to help.
Test on Unit 14
A- Language Functions
1- Respond to each of the following situations:
1- A friend tells you about King Solomon's Mines. Say that you did not know the book before last week.
2- You are making the family meal. You would like some help from your sister. What do you say?
3- You have missed school because you were ill. You would like some help from your teacher. What do you say?
4- A friend asks if you can help him or her with a computer problem. You are happy to help, but you want to know what the problem is. What do you say?
Say where these mini-dialogues are taking place and who the speakers are:
1- A- Please sit down.
B-Thank you..
A: Now, you've applied for a job as a receptionist
at this hotel. Have you got any experience?
B: Yes, I have. I worked at the Plaza Hotel for two years.
2-A: Passport and ticket, please.
B: Here you are.
A: Smoking or non-smoking?
B: Non-smoking, please.
A: Thank you. I've given you a window seat, 20B.
Here's your boarding card.
B- Vocabulary and Structure
3- Choose the correct answer:
1. My father works (from – to – for – about) an international oil company.
2. That little black car belongs (from – to – for – about) my uncle
3. I play lots of sports, but I'm not very keen (from – to – for – on) watching sport on TV.
4. When I finish university, I'm going to apply (from – to – for – about) a job abroad.
5. In 1918, millions of people all over the world died (from – to – of – about) Spanish flu.
6. You weren't at school yesterday, so how did you find out (from – to – for – about) the homework?
7. Azza is very interested (from – to – in – about) medicine.
8. You should apologise to your teacher (from – to – for – about) forgetting your homework.
9. He was naughty as a child, but now his (behave – behaviour – behaving – behaved) is much better.
10- Marco Polo was an Italian (hunter – lecturer - explorer – shoemaker) who travelled to China.
11- Shakespeare was one of England's greatest (poets – poems – bullets – parrots).
12- Ancient Egyptian (organisation – colonization – civilization – privatization) began around 5000 years ago.
13- The new educational (reforms – fumes – frames – fans) mean that children will start learning English when they are five years old.
14- James Bond novels have been (bestsellers - lost sellers – quick sellers – slow sellers) since they were first written.
15- An area where school children play during breaks is called a (play around – playground – play floor – play earth).
16- A (goal protector – goal hunter – goalkeeper – goal holder) is a footballer who stop the other team scoring goals.
4- Find the mistake in each of the following sentences and write it correctly:
1- Don't worry for your exam. I'm sure you'll pass.
2- I've lost one of my school books. Can you help me look at it?
3- Holidays in Egypt are popular for all kinds of tourists.
4- They went dismissing while they were searching for the treasure.
5- A lot of people admire the nationalization of ancient Egypt.
6- Ibn Batuta was a famous Arab exploiter.
C- Reading Comprehension
5- Read the passage then answer the questions:
A student passed all his school examinations and then went to a college to continue his studies. There, he enrolled in a course in geography. But after the first lecture, he didn’t attend any more lectures. The geography lecturer noticed this student was always absent and that he had changed to another course, so he was very surprised to see the boy’s name on the list of students who wanted to take the geography examination at the end of the year.
The lecturer had prepared a difficult examination paper, which followed his lectures very closely, and he was eager to see how this student answered the questions. When he examined the answers, he found only one small mistake. So he sent for the student and told him that he was curious to know how he was able to find only one little mistake although the student came to the first lecture and he was absent from all the others.
To his great surprise, the student told him that he would not have made that mistake if he hadn’t been confused by his first lecture.
A. Answer the following questions:
1. Why was the lecturer surprised when he saw the student’s name on the list?
2. Why had the student made a mistake in his examination paper?
3. Find words in the passage which mean: a) not present b) observed
B. Choose the correct answer:
4. The underlined words “the others” refer to (the questions – the lectures – the students – the professors).
5. The student mentioned in the passage must have been very (curious – stupid – clever – impatient).
7- Read the passage then answer the questions:
Most countries in the world now welcome tourists because of the money they bring in. Many countries make great efforts to encourage tourism, and many also depend on what they earn from it to keep their economies going.
Most tourists try to choose whichever places have fairly comfortable, cheap hotels, quite good food, reasonable safety, sunny weather or unusual things to see. Their choice of a place for a holiday also depends on when they can get away, it is not very pleasant to go to a place when it is having its worst weather.
One big problem for a nation wishing to attract tourists is the cost of building hotels for them. Another problem is that more and more big international companies are building hotels all over the world, so that the profits from a hotel often do not stay in the country in which it has been built.
Tourists often feel shocked by the different customs and habits that they see around them. They refuse the local food and insist on having only what they eat at home.
A. Answer the following questions:
1. What would happen to some countries if tourism stopped?
2. Which places do tourists prefer?
3. Mention two problems which face countries wishing to attract tourists.
B. Choose the correct answer:
4. The underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refers to ---------------
a) the country b) tourism c) economy d) hotel
5. Some people don’t go to a place for a holiday although they like it ---------
a) because it is not very pleasant b) because of bad weather
c) because it is fairly comfortable d) because they are badly treated
D- Writing
8- Write an e-mail to your friend Ali telling him about what you are going to do in your next summer holiday.
11- A)Translate into Arabic:
Global warming is a problem that affects all world countries nowadays. Scientists believe that the main cause of global warming is the pollution from factories and the use of too many cars. Global warming has a very serious effect on the earth's climate.
B) Translate into English:
1- مصر غنية بالكثير من الموارد الطبيعية التي يجب أن نحسن استغلالها.
2- اتخذت وزارة الصحة إجراءات هامة لحماية المواطنين من أنفلونزا الخنازير.
