UNIT 6
Key Vocab:
above فوق amazing مدهش
deep عميق sea level مستوي سطح البحر
summit قمة challenge تحدي
conquer يقهر/يتغلب علي /يغزو lifelong (adj.) مدي الحياة
mountaineer متسلق الجبال slightly قليلا /بدرجة طفيفة
toddler طفل يحبو
Vocabulary:
definitely بالتأكيد average متوسط
position وضع / وظيفة / مكانة standard مقياس / مستوي
measure يقيس an area of land مساحة من الأرض
mountain جبل subject موضوع
the natural world العالم الطبيعي climb (n./v.) يتسلق / تسلق
a sporting event حدث رياضي roots جذور
hobby هواية ambition = aspiration طموح
lose their lives يفقدون حياتهم reach their goals يصلوا إلي هدفهم
oxygen cylinders اسطوانات أكسجين without the use of بدون استخدام
dangers أخطار equipment معدات
inspire يلهم motivate يحفز
national pride العزة الوطنية diving الغوص
climbing التسلق cycling ركوب الدراجات
concepts مفاهيم motivation الحافز /الدافع
distinguish يميز beauty الجمال
popularity شعبية aspects جوانب
dots نقط tourist attractions مناطق الجذب السياحي
afterwards بعد ذلك obvious واضح
obviously من الواضح unique وحيد من نوعه / متفرد
fulfil an ambition يحقق طموح sponsor راعي (برنامج مثلا)
publicity ذيوع / شهرة / دعاية advertising الدعاية والإعلان
honour his country يكرم وطنه organizers المنظمون
overcome يتغلب علي obstacles عقبات
comradeship رفقة / صحبة communications اتصالات
actually فعلا / في الواقع celebrate يحتفل
explorer مستكشف absolutely قطعا / بالتأكيد
effort جهد skill مهارة
look like يشبه last يستمر
object شيء make notes يدون ملاحظات
reach the summit يصل للقمة terrorism الإرهاب
peace-loving محب للسلام do a magazine quiz يحل مسابقة في مجلة
Words and their antonyms:
forget ينسي remember يتذكر
weak ضعيف strong قوى
dead ميت alive على قيد الحياة
professional محترف amateur هاوي
familiar مألوف unfamiliar غير مألوف
above فوق below أسفل
high عالي low منخفض
top قمة bottom قاع
small صغير big ضخم
soft ناعم hard خشن
long طويل short قصير
tall طويل short قصير
poor فقير rich غنى
easy سهل hard = difficult صعب
popular شائع / محبوب unpopular غير شائع / محبوب
modern حديث ancient قديم
formal رسمي informal غير رسمي
ugly قبيح beautiful جميل
safe آمن dangerous خطير
common شائع uncommon غير شائع
real حقيقي unreal غير حقيقي
appear يظهر disappear يختفي
certain مؤكد uncertain غير مؤكد
Prepositions:
exposure to التعرض لـ fall off a mountain يسقط من علي الجبل
fall to his death يلقي حتفه excited about يشعر بالإثارة بشأن
on the walls علي الجدران dream of / about يحلم بـ
at the summit of عند قمة nervous of قلق وخائف من
go away يسافر / يرحل worried about قلق بشأن
do something for money يفعل شيء من أجل المال from the top to the bottom من القمة إلي القاع
go up يرتفع / يصعد go down ينخفض / يهبط
phone up for the answers يتصل للحصول علي الإجابة in danger of في خطر ..
familiar with علي دراية بـ
Irregular Verbs:
freeze/froze/frozen يتجمد rise/rose/risen يرتفع
misspell/ misspelt /
misspell/misspelled يخطئ في الهجاء run/ran/run يجري
misspend/misspent يبدد/ يسيء إنفاق المال أو الوقت see/saw/seen يري
mistake/mistook/ mistaken يخطئ sell/sold/sold يبيع
misunderstand/ misunderstood/ يسيء فهم set/set/set يعد/يضبط/تغرب
(للشمس)
Important Vocabulary for translation and composition:
phenomenon ظاهرة exert great efforts يبذل جهودا عظيمة
phenomena ظواهـر crisis أزمـة
humanity = mankind البشرية deviation الانحـراف
privatizationالخصخصة modern age العصر الحديث
environmental pollution التلوث البيئي be greatly interested in كبيرا بـ / يهتم اهتماما
form and content الشكل و المحتوي channels قنوات
creativity الخلق و الابتكار witness a great shift يشهد تحولا كبيرا
Language Notes:
•Room (c) حجرة room (u) مكان أو فراغ
•My flat has two bedrooms.
•There is no room for you in the car.
•لاحظ صيغة الأسئلة الآتية:
•What do you like most about..?
•What do you like least about..?
• What do you like most about your school?
•Think of = think about يفكر في / عند السؤال عن الرأي
•I'm thinking of / about buying a new car.
•What do you think of / about this shirt?
•Think of يتذكر / يفكر في الآخرين
•I can't think of her name now.
•You should think of other people.
elder (في محيط العائلة) than لا يأتي بعدها elder sister / elder brother
• She is my elder sister.
eldest (في محيط العائلة) eldest sister / eldest brother
• He is the eldest member of the family.
older (than) تستخدم في المقارنة عموما(للعاقل وغير العاقل)
• She is five years older than me.
oldestتستخدم في التفضيل عموما (للعاقل وغير العاقل)
• He is the oldest student in our class..
•Learn يتعلم/ teach +to-inf. يعلم
•He learnt to use the computer.
•Who taught you to cook?
Idiomsاصطلاحات و تعبيرات
•Keep your cool = to stay calm and not get upset or nervous يحافظ علي هدوء أعصابه
•A close call = manage to avoid a dangerous situation ينجو بأعجوبة من خطر معين
•In a tight corner = in a difficult situation في مأزق
•Made my day = made me happy أسعدني
•Out of the blue = suddenly and unexpectedly فجأة
•Raise money = collect money يجمع مالا لغرض معين
•لاحظ الفرق بين الكلمات الاتية:
•Profession مهنة أو عمل يتطلب قدرا كبيرا من التدريب والتعليم مثل الطب والمحاماة والتدريس
•He left the teaching profession to set up his own business.
•Work: العمل بصفة عامة ولا تجمع
•Peter's work involves a lot of travelling.
•Job: وظيفة (تجمع)و تشير إلي عمل منتظم يقوم به الشخص لكسب المال
•When she left college, she got a job as a secretary.
•She has applied for a job with an insurance company.
•Career: العمل الذي يمارسه الشخص طوال حياته الوظيفية ويمكن أن يحصل فيه علي ترقيات
•He has a good career in journalism. الصحافة
• Quit (quit/quit) يترك / يغادر / يتوقف عن شيء
• He quit smoking a year ago. • She quit school when she was 15.
•Quiet هادئ = calm • Be quiet! I’ve got a headache صداع.
•Quiteتماما / إلى حد ما = fairly / completely
• Although they are brothers, they are quite different.
Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:
1- This stain remover really works - it's (amazing – achieving – acting – doing)!
2- Finding a solution to this problem is one of the greatest (changes -challenges – chains – shapes) faced by scientists today.
3- The (bottom – inside – outside – summit) of this mountain is covered with snow for most of the year.
4- I couldn't believe how beautiful the island was. It was absolutely (amazing – apologizing – capitalizing – criticizing).
5- The side of the swimming pool is too (sweep – weep – deep – creep) to stand up in.
6- There are 14 mountains which are more than 8000 metres above sea (level - devil – civil – foil).
7- Sir Edmund Hillary was the first man to (walk – take – run – climb) Everest.
8- Mountaineers are incredibly (cowardly – impatient - brave – greedy) people.
9- It's too hard to stop smoking when it's been a (lifelong – prolong – lifeboat – lifestyle) habit.
10- He has finally (covered – collapsed – collected – conquered) his fear of spiders.
11- I'm (brightly – brilliantly - slightly – confidently) upset that she forgot my birthday.
12- I have so much (work – career – job – profession) to do.
13- He was in a (sight – light – right – tight) corner when his money was stolen.
14- We didn't actually hit the other call, but it was a close (call - ball – fall – mall).
15- His resignation came out of the (clue – due – blue – threw). He never said a word about it.
.
Adjectives الصفات
Comparative adjectives: صفات المقارنة
•تستخدم الصفات عادة مع فعل to be وأفعال أخري مثل look / seem / appear / taste / feel / sound / smell:
• It was cold. • She looks ill. • The food smells bad.
•نضيف er في حالة الصفات القصيرة:
cheap cheaper large larger quiet quieter
narrow narrower simple simpler clever cleverer
clever cleverer rich richer stupid stupider
•نضيف er في حالة الصفات القصيرة التي تنتهي ب y بعد تغيير y إلي i :
lucky luckier funny funnier happy happier
easy easier pretty prettier heavy heavier
wealthy wealthier healthy healthier
•إذا انتهت الصفة القصيرة بحرف متحرك يليه ساكن نضاعف الحرف الأخير
big bigger hot hotter fat fatter
اذا كانت الصفة القصيرة تنتهي بـ e نضيف في المقارنة r فقط وفي التفضيل st
Wide wider widest nice nicer nicest
•في حالة الصفات الطويلة نستخدم:
more / less …. than
more / less expensive than more / less terrifying than
•في حالة التساوي في الصفة نستخدم:
as + adj./adv. + as
•John is as tall as Peter
•في حالة النفي نستخدم:
not as / so + adj./ adv. + as
Hassan isn’t as old as Peter. (older/younger)
Peter is older than Hassan
Hassan is younger than Peter.
I don’t know as many people as you do. (more/fewer)
You know more people than I do.
I know fewer people than you do.
Frank isn’t as rich as Joe. (richer)
Joe is richer than Frank.
The test was not as difficult as I thought. (easier)
The test was easier than I thought.
I didn’t expect her to be so smart. (smarter)
She was smarter than I expected.
•يمكن استخدام /slightly / even / a bit / much /a lot / a little / far قبل صفات المقارنة:
Going by bus is a lot cheaper than going by plane.
Going by plane is much more expensive.
You have to move a bit faster.
لاحظ أن صيغة المقارنة من ill هي worse والمقارنة من well هي better
She feels much better today. He was so ill yesterday. He's even worse today.
Superlative adjectives: صفات التفضيل
•فى حالة الصفات القصيرة تتكون صيغة التفضيل من:
the ……. est
deep the deepest old the oldest
high the highest short the shortest
clever the cleverest rich the richest
stupid the stupidest
•فى حالة الصفات الطويلة تتكون صيغة التفضيل من:
the most / the least ….
interesting the most / the least interesting
expensive the most / the least expensive
Irregular adjectives:صفات شاذة
good better best bad worse worst
much
many
far farther/further farthest / furthest
little less least
further = more Are there any further questions?
most + adj. (without the) = very
• The article I’ve just read was most interesting. = very interesting
لاحظ استخدام التفضيل من الصفة مع الكلمات first / second / third,..etc
Alexandria is the second largest city in Egypt.
لا تستخدم the قبل صفة التفضيل في حالة وجود ضمير ملكية قبل الصفة:
It was his biggest achievement in Chemistry.
يمكن استخدام less فبل الصفات القصيرة
He is less tall than his friend. = He is not as tall as his friend
= His friend is taller than him.
= He is not the same height as his friend.
the same + n. + as = as + adj. + as
لاحظ الاسم من الصفات الآتية:
long Length expensive price
wide width big size
old age far distance
deep depth high height
Your house is as high as mine. (height)
Your house is the same height as mine.
The red shirt is as expensive as the white shirt. (price)
The red shirt is the same price as the white shirt.
Adjectives ending in –ly: الصفات المنتهية بـ
friendly friendlier friendliest
lovely lovelier loveliest
silly sillier silliest
the ……. the…….. كلما ---- كلما
•لاحظ استخدام صفات المقارنة في هذا التركيب
• ويدل هذا التركيب علي أن شيء يعتمد علي آخر
the less the less
the more the more
the + adj.-er the + adj.-er
•The harder you study, the higher marks you get.
• You eat a lot. You become fat. (The more…)
•The more you eat the fatter you become.
• If we leave early, we’ll arrive soon. (The earlier…)
•The earlier we leave, the sooner we will arrive.
•You use much electricity. Your bill will be high. (The more..)
•The more electricity you use, the higher your bill will be.
• لاحظ استخدام in مع الأماكن بعد صفة التفضيل
The longest river in the world (Not: of the world)
The best student in the class / The best player in the team
لاحظ استخدام المضارع التام بعد صفة التفضيل •
• This is the loveliest card I’ve ever received.
• It’s the most boring film I’ve ever seen.
than + …….me (I +v.) / her (she +v.),etc.
•لاحظ شكل الضمير بعد than (يستخدم ضمير فاعل إذا كان بعده فعل و ضمير مفعول في حالة عدم وجود فعل):
• He is taller than me/him/her.
But: He is taller than I am / he is/ she is.
•They earn more money than us. But: They earn more money than we do
The boy is clever. A clever boy
•الصفة اما ان تسبق الاسم او تلى بعض الأفعال مثلTo Be ولكن الصفات التالية لا تستخدم قبل الاسم ابدا و لكن تستخدم بعد be وأفعال مثل seem / look / feel
afraid / awake / asleep / alone / alight / absent/alive
The boy was afraid. She is still awake.
•الصفات المنتهية بـ ed تستخدم للعاقل و الصفات المنتهية بـ ing تستخدم لغير العاقل
fascinating مبهر fascinated منبهر exciting مثير excited يشعر بالإثارة
amazing مدهش amazedمندهش terrifyingمرعب terrifiedمرعوب
embarrassing محرج embarrassed
يشعر بالإحراج boring ممل bored يشعر بالملل
annoyingمزعج / مكدر annoyed متضايق confusingمربك confusedمرتبك
depressingكئيب depressed مكتئب frighteningمخيف frightenedخائف
disappointing مخيب للأمل disappointed خاب أمله
•Jane is bored because her job is boring.
•Tom is interested in the job. •Tom finds the job interesting.
•أحيانا تستخدم الصفة المنتهية بـ ing مع العاقل:
• He is a boring person. انه شخص ممــل
• She is bored. إنها تشعر بالملل
Exception: استثناء impressed متأثر impressive مبهر
Delighted سعيد delightful مبهج
•She was delighted with the news.
•Thank you for a delightful evening.
يمكن استخدام صفتي مقارنة للدلالة علي التغير المستمر في شيء •
•ولاحظ أن الصفة بعد and تأخذ نفس شكل الصفة قبلها.
• It’s becoming harder and harder to find a job.
• It’s becoming more and more difficult to find a job.
• These days more and more people are learning English.
• The weather is getting colder and colder.
•يمكن استخدام to + inf. بعد الصفات التالية
happy / pleased/ disappointedخاب أمله /amazed/afraid/glad / delighted /surprised / sad / relieved يشعر براحة astonishedمندهش
I am sorry to hear that your brother is ill.
Tom was surprised to see me.
She was delighted to get your letter.
•لاحظ استخدام الصفة في هذا التركيب:
It ( be ) + adj. + of + someone + to do something
(nice / kind / stupid / silly / clever / polite / careless)
It is kind of you to help me.
It was careless of Jack to leave the door unlocked.
It was very generous of Ann to lend us the money.
• لاحظ أنه إذا كانت الجملة منفية نستخدم not to:
• The boy didn’t study his lessons well. (It was careless)
It was careless of the boy not to study his lessons well.
Exercises on Grammar:
Choose the correct answer:
1- Yesterday I heard a (fright – frightened- frightening – frighten) noise outside.
2- He often tells me (amused – amusing – amusement – entertainment) stories about his family.
3- This is the (hard- harder – less hard- hardest) test I’ve ever taken.
4- It was wrong (with – for – of – to) him to neglect his study.
5- He was not (cooperative – as cooperative – more cooperative – less cooperative) as his colleagues.
6- He is not (so – more – less – lessen) reliable as his friend.
7- My flat is (more big – less big – bigger – the biggest) than yours.
8- You didn't do as (more – less – least – much) work as I did.
9- Her friend is (wealthy – wealthiest – wealthier – wealthiest) than her.
10- My car is (less – more – least – most ) small than yours.
Find the mistake in each sentence and write it correctly:
1. The much food you eat, the fatter you become.
2. The place was more farther than I thought.
3. No student in our class is as cleverer as John.
4. This is the more higher building in our city.
5. Tokyo is the more busier city in the world.
6. She is more hard-working of all the students in this class.
7. The blue vase is the same price than the yellow one.
8. The weather is many colder than normal for this time of year.
9. That’s the funny joke I have ever heard.
10. Eating fruit is most fattening than eating chocolate.
Test on Unit 6
1- Respond to the following situations:
1. Someone asks you which city is the capital of Britain. What do you reply?
2. Someone asks you how long the River Nile is. What do you answer?
3. A tourist asks you which is the second largest city in Egypt. What do you say?
4. Your younger brother or sister asks you how old the Pyramids at Giza are. What do you answer?
2- Say where these mini-dialogues take place and who the speakers are:
1- A: How much is that book, please?
B: It’s 45 pounds.
A: Here you are.
B: And here is the change. Thank you
2- A: Would you like something else, sir?
B: No, thank you.
A: Here is your bill, sir.
3- Choose the correct answer:
1- The north of Egypt is on (a – an – the – its) Mediterranean Sea.
2- Azza is the (intelligent – more intelligent – less intelligent – most intelligent) student in our class.
3- I think it’s absolutely (surprising – tiring – unusual – amazing) that people climb mountains without oxygen.
4- London is (more – as – much – so) beautiful than Amsterdam.
5- The Red Sea is not (so – much – less – more) big as the Mediterranean.
6- Climbing is (the more –the less - the most – most) dangerous sport in the world.
7- The Indian Ocean is (more deep – not as deep – so deep – deeper) as the Pacific ocean.
8- The Nile is (the longest – a longer – more long – as long as) river in the world.
9- That's the (best – much – most – least) interesting book I've ever read. I liked it so much.
10- I don't remember what it was like being a (toddler – caller – peeler – barrier) It was so long ago.
11- Some (accountants -mountaineers – engineers – referees) climb mountains without using oxygen.
12- My brother has had a (lifeboat – lifelike – lifelong – lifestyle) wish to be a doctor.
13- Climbing would be a real (challenge – shortage – charge – massage) for me. I don't like heights.
14- I can't swim. I wish I could (conquer – acquire – require – retire) my fear of water.
15- The patient is (lightly – lastly – slightly – brightly) better today.
16- A (baby – toddler – kid – infant) is a child who has just started walking.
4- Find the mistake in each of the following sentences and write it correctly:
1- This is most exciting film I've ever seen.
2- The most tall building in our city is the central bank.
3- English is more easier to learn than Chinese.
4- Pirates are people who climb mountains.
5- The highest point of a mountain is called a transmit.
6- The sea line is the average height of the sea.
5- Read the following passage and then answer the questions:
Are supermarkets designed to persuade us to buy more? When you enter a supermarket, the manager knows better than you do how you will behave – which way you will walk, where you’ll look, what will make you buy one product rather than another. When customers go into a shop, they usually look to their left but move clockwise, towards the right. So supermarket entrances are usually on the left of the building, and the layout is designed to take shoppers around the store, from left to right. Then, shoppers will pay attention to all the products.
Fresh fruits and vegetables are shown near supermarket entrances. This gives the impression that only healthy food is sold in the shop. Basic foods that everyone buys, like sugar and tea, are not put next to each other. They are kept in different places so customers go past other attractive goods before they find them. In this way shoppers are encouraged to buy products that they do not really need.
One best-selling position for products is on shelves at eye-level. Another is at the end of passage between shelves because shoppers usually slow down to turn into the next passage. Sweets are often placed at children’s eye-level at the checkout. While parents are waiting to pay, children take the sweets they want. Customers also buy more when the shelves are full than they are half-empty. They do not like to buy from shelves with few products on them because they feel there is something wrong with those products.
Answer the following questions:
1- What do supermarkets usually show near the entrance? Why?
2-What’s the aim of putting basic foods far from each other?
3-Find in the text which mean:
a)the place where shoppers pay for products and go out -------------------------------
b) designing and arranging the shelves in a supermarket -------------------------------
Choose the correct answer:
4-The best title of this text is -----------------------
a) Supermarket owners b) Supermarket and children
c) Successful supermarkets d) Supermarket entrances
5-“Shoppers move clockwise” means that they -----------------
a) move to the right b) take care of the time spent in the shop
c) move towards the clock in the shop d) move to the left
6-The underlined word them refers to --------------------
a) different places b) customers c) attractive foods d) basic foods
7-Customers believe that products on half empty shelves are -----------------
a) attractive b) the best to buy c) too old to sell d) not good
6- Read the following passage then answer the questions below :
Computers are a major technological breakthrough of the twenty first century. Their benefits are numerous. Yet, much can be said against them.
The main disadvantage of a computer is that staring at a screen for long periods of time can be damaging to the eyes, and sitting for hours at a time is certainly not healthy. Secondly, computers distract from social interactions such as conversation. People can be inclined to become anti-social and stay at home to use their computer. Finally, One of the major arguments against the use of computers is that the more jobs which are done by computers, the fewer are done by people.
However, the advantages of computers are numerous, such as the undeniable educational benefits, especially to children. School subjects become more interesting when presented on a computer screen. Moreover, computers can be fun with a seemingly endless variety of games which can be played on them. In addition, computers are valuable to any business, making life easier and saving time by being capable of storing and retrieving vast amounts of information at the touch of a button. Furthermore, personal gains can be seen as the use of computers increases powers of concentration. To sum up, there are strong arguments both for and against the use of computers.
Answer the following questions:
1-How do school subjects become more interesting?
2-How do computers affect social life?
3-In what way are computers beneficial to any business?
4-Find words in the passage which mean the following:
a) important development or discovery
b) find again or extract stored information
Choose the correct answer:
5-Some people have the negative opinion about computers that they -------------.
a) solve the problem of unemployment b) increase the number of unemployed people
c) help people find more jobs d) create more job opportunities
6- The word “fewer” in the 2nd paragraph refers to ----------------.
a) arguments b)computers c) people d) jobs
7-Some people are for the use of computers because-----------------.
a) they stare at the screen for a long time
b) b) they sit for hours at a time
c) computers distract them from social interactions
d) d) computers increase powers of concentration
8- Write a paragraph of seven sentences about a book that you have enjoyed reading
9- A) Translate into Arabic:
Without reclaiming land in the desert and building more and more factories in the new cities, it will be impossible to face the serious problem of over-population. Therefore, great efforts are being made to achieve this goal.
B) Translate into English:
1- تتأثر السياحة تأثرا كبيرا بالأحداث الجارية في العالم
2- يجب أن يعرف العالم بأسره أن مصر بلد محب للسلام و ضد الإرهاب
