UNIT 11
Key Vocab:
ashore إلي الشاطئ primitive بدائي
remote بعيد / نائي serious جاد / خطير
whaling صيد الحيتان armed مسلح
continent قارة purpose غرض
determined مصمم / عازم harpoon نوع من الرماح لصيد الحيتان
ram (v.) يصطدم بشدة بـ whenever في أي وقت
ahead أمام abroad الخارج
above فوق aboard علي متن سفينة أو طائرة
remote control جهاز تحكم عن بعد remoteness(n) بُعد
seriousness جدية / خطورة drown يغرق
sin / sank / sunk يغوص / يغرق / ينخفض attack يهاجم / هجوم
destroy يدمر catch / caught / caught يصيد / يمسك
hunt يطارد بغرض الصيد give / gave / given يعطي
offer يقدم / يعرض crew طاقم الطائرة أو السفينة
Vocabulary:
date تاريخ scene مشهد / مكان حدوث شيء
row يجدف motorised boat قارب يعمل بمحرك
stage مرحلة development تطور / نمو / تنمية
humans البشر humanity البشرية
whale حوت distance مسافة
boredom الملل adventure مغامرة
adventurous (adj.) مغامر adventurer (n.) مغامر
navy ship سفينة تابعة للبحرية whaling ship سفينة لصيد الحيتان
in his mid twenties في منتصف العشرينات من العمر island جزيرة
islanders سكان الجزر the pacific ocean المحيط الهادي
strange غريب collection مجموعة
poems قصائد a serious problem مشكلة خطيرة
sailor بحار sandcastle قلعة من الرمال
be disappointed يشعر بخيبة الأمل spear رمح
storyteller راوي القصة gold coin عملة ذهبية
float يطفو rescue = save ينقذ
message رسالة ambition (n.) الطموح
ambitious (adj.) طموح hurt يؤذي
sound (v./n.) يبدو – صوت critic ناقد
criticize ينقد review عرض نقدي لكتاب أو فيلم مثلا
reviewer ناقد أدبي details تفاصيل
character شخصية Incredible (adj.) لا يُصدق
definitely بالتأكيد cave كهف
painting لوحة foreign country دولة أجنبية
unfortunately لسوء الحظ force قوة / يُجبر
recommendation توصية actions أفعال
consequences نتائج balance توازن
alternative routes طرق بديلة get revenge يثأر / ينتقم
stubborn عنيد intelligent ذكي
blubber شحم الحوت candles شموع
extinct منقرض extinction الانقراض
marine life الحياة البحرية ecology علم البيئة
ecologically friendly صديق للبيئة environmentally friendly صديق للبيئة
multimedia room غرفة مناهل المعرفة vacuum cleaner مكنسة كهربائية
Words and their antonyms:
serious جاد funny مضحك
remote بعيد near / close قريب
primitive بدائي civilized متحضر
armed مسلح unarmed أعزل / غير مسلح
ashamed يشعر بالخجل unashamed غير شاعر بالخجل
exciting مثير boring ممل
strong قوي weak ضعيف
ordinary عادي unusual غير معتاد
strange غريب familiar مألوف
destroy يدمر build يبني
adventurous مغامر unadventurous غير مغامر
ahead أمام behind خلف
sink يغرق float يطفو
enemy عدو friend صديق
definitely بالتأكيد possibly من المحتمل
detailed مفصل brief مختصر
real حقيقي unreal غير حقيقي
credible يُصدق incredible لا يُصدق
negative سلبي positive ايجابي
Prepositions:
a sailor on a ship بحار علي سفينة live on an island يعيش على جزيرة
he was born into a rich family ولد في أسرة غنية work on a farm يعمل في مزرعة
work in ordinary jobs يعمل في وظائف عادية at the beginning في البداية
at first أولا at last أخيرا
be bored with يشعر بالملل من look for = search for يبحث عن
come out يصدر(للكتب) at the time of his death في وقت وفاته
life at sea الحياة في البحر at the age of في سن
fall to his death يسقط ميتا send off يطرد (لاعب)
send off يرسل بالبريد hold onto يتشبث بـ
pull out يسحب pull up يتوقف
on his last voyage في رحلته الأخيرة بالسفينة on the third day في اليوم الثالث
armed with مسلح بـ at the weekend في نهاية الأسبوع
crash into يصطدم بـ collide with يصطدم بـ
essential to ضروري / أساسي لـ play a vital role in يلعب دورا حيويا في
work on a novel يعمل في تأليف رواية ready for+n. مستعد لـ
ready to+inf. مستعد لـ lend someone a hand يساعد شخص
by accident بالصدفة
Irregular Verbs:
learn/learned/learned
learnt/learnt/learnt يتعلم lose/lost/lost يفقد/ يضيع
lend/lent/lent يسلف make/made/made يصنع/ يجعل
let/let/let يدع/ يسمح mean/meant/meant يعني
lie/lay/lain يرقد/ ينام meet/met/met يقابل
light/lit/lit
light/lighted/lighted يضيء/ يشعل mislead/misled/misled يضلل
Derivatives:
Verb Noun Adjective Adverb
seriousness
جدية / خطورة serious جاد / خطير seriously
بطريقة جادة أو خطيرة
arm يسلح army جيش
arms أسلحة armed مسلح
determine يصــمد / يحدد determination تصميم / تحديد determined مصمم / عازم
destroy يدمر destruction تدمير destructive مدمر destructively بشكل مدمر
Important Vocabulary for translation and composition:
take all possible measures يتخذ كل الإجراءات الممكنة imminent danger خطر وشيك
disturb the balance of nature يؤدي إلي خلل في توازن الطبيعة conserving/preserving the environment الحفاظ علي البيئة
contamination = pollution التلوث reduction تقليل
sources مصادر nuclear waste نفايات نووية
soil pollution تلوث التربة air pollution تلوث الهواء
industrial processes عمليات صناعية preventive measures إجراءات وقائية
deforestation إزالة الغابات desertification التصحـر
hazards أخطار / مخاطر weather conditions الظروف الجوية
coastal ساحلي aquatic مائي
Language Notes:
Remote (adj.) (remoter / remotest) : بعيد / نائي
•Some primitive people still live in the remotest parts of Africa.
I haven't the remotest idea. ليس لدي أدني فكرة In the remote past في الماضي البعيد
In the remote future في المستقبل البعيد In the near future في المستقبل القريب
Shore / ashore / coast / beach / bank
coast ساحل (تستخدم عند الإشارة إلى موقع بالنسبة للخريطة)
•The ship sank three miles off the French coast.
•There is rain over the whole of the west coast of Britain.
beach البلاج (جزء من الشاطئ يستمتع فيه الناس بقضاء الإجازة)
• We spent a very nice time on the beach.
Shore الشاطئ
• The shores of the Mediterranean have a population of more than 120 million people.
ashore :إلي الشاطئ
• When the boat reached the port, we went ashore.
bank ضفــة النهر أو البحيرة •Most Egyptians live on the Nile banks.
Sink / drown
Sink يغرق / يُغرق (عادة للسفن و القوارب)
•The ship sank to the bottom of the ocean.
•The big blue whale sank the fishing boat.
Sink يقل / ينخفض
•The Egyptian pound has sunk to its lowest level against the dollar.
انخفض الجنيه المصري إلي أدني مستوي له في مقابل الدولار
Drown : يغرق (عادة للأشخاص)
•Two boys drowned while they were swimming.
Offer / Give
Offer: يقدم / يعرض
•She offered a reward for the return of her lost necklace.
Give : يعطي / يمنح
•She gave me two apples.
Recommend: يوصي بـ / يثني علي / ينصح بـ
•The doctor recommended that he should take a rest.
•He recommended me a good book to read.
•I can recommend this film to you. It’s very exciting.
Advise: tell someone what they should do
•He advised me to study hard.
•She advised me not to waste my time.
Think of …as … يفكر في شيء أو شخص باعتباره ..
•The captain thought of the whale as his enemy.
Be determined to يكون مصمم أو عازم علي ..
•He was determined to kill his enemy.
Hunt : يطارد حيوان بري أو وحشي محاولا قتله أو أسره
•They hunted the deer for 5 hours before they could finally catch it.
لاحظ استخدام المقطع multi- بمعني متعدد مع كلمات معينة مثل :
multinational متعدد الجنسيات multicultural متعدد الثقافات
multipurpose متعدد الأغراض multidimensional متعدد الأبعاد
multimedia وسائط متعددة multilingual متعدد اللغات
Whenever = every time or any timeحينما / عندما
•Whenever she comes, she brings us some presents. •I can meet you whenever you like.
Whoever = the person who or any personاى شخص/ أيا كان
•Whoever pollutes the environment should be punished.
Wherever = to any place or every placeأينما / حيثما
•Wherever he goes, he makes friends.
Whatever = anything or everythingاى شيء
•You can eat whatever you like.
Matter (v.) يهم
•Does it matter if I come late? •It doesn't matter to me what you do.
Matter (n.) أمر / مشكلة / مسألة
•What's the matter with you? = What's wrong with you? What's the problem with you?
It's a matter of life and death. مسألة حياة أو موت
As a matter of fact, … في الواقع / في الحقيقة
It's a matter of time. إنها مسألة وقت
Exercises on vocabulary and Language Notes:
Choose the correct answer:
1- A (honeymoon – balloon – harpoon – cartoon) is a sharp metal used for hunting whales.
2- A (purpose – propose – dispose – compose) is what you want to achieve when you do something.
3- To (jam – gram – ram – dam) means to crash into something with great force.
4- A (clue – crow – blue - crew) means the people that work together on a ship or a plane.
5- "He is (determined – underlined – examined - hesitant) to do it" means that he wants to do something so much that he won't let anyone or anything stop him.
6- (Weeping – Creeping – Whaling - Bleeding) is the activity of hunting whales.
7- This book is (furious – serious – cautious – curious) . It's not funny.
8- The word (effective – deceptive - primitive – aggressive) means very simple or old-fashioned.
9- This place is (neighbouring – remote – overlooking – close). This means that it is far away from other places.
10- (Shore – Bank – Ashore - Coast) means onto land by the side of the sea.
11- In the storm, the ship (sank –sat – shrank – held) and two people drowned.
12- The sailors (left – went – boarded – headed) their ship and went ashore in a small boat.
13- The elephant (attached – attended – attempted - attacked) the hunters and completely destroyed their car.
14- They (hunted – caught – held – touched) the lion for three days and finally caught it while it was sleeping.
15- He (pretended - offered – intended - denied) a gold coin to the first sailor to see Moby Dick.
16- He has no idea of the (seriousness – carefulness – carelessness – awareness) of the situation.
17- The (richness – roughness - remoteness – closeness) of my friend's village made me hesitate to visit him.
18- Three (harmed - armed – alarmed – reformed) men broke into the bank to rob it.
19- You can come to visit me (whatever – wherever – whenever – whoever) you like.
20- The passengers were asked to (broad – abroad – broaden – board) the plane immediately.
Find the mistake in each sentence and correct it:
1- Asia is the largest city in the world.
2- He couldn't finish the book because it was too serial.
3- Relative people inhabited this island 2000 years ago.
4- He went board on business.
5- Turn left and you'll see the hospital above of you.
6- All the passengers and chew survived the crash.
7- I'll visit you wherever I have time.
8- He commented me a good book to read.
9- The lifeguard rescued the sinking boy.
10- He lives in a close village. It's far from the nearest town.
.
The Past Perfect Tense
:had + PP يتكون من : •
1- يستخدم الماضي التام ليصف حدث وقع قبل حدث آخر في الماضي:
•When I got home, my mother had washed and ironed my clothes.
= First my mother washed and ironed my clothes. Then I arrived home.
Notice the difference between this pair of sentence:
•When I arrived at the party, Tom left..
= I arrived, then Tom left.
•When I arrived at the party, Tom had left.
= Tom left before I arrived.
2- يستخدم الماضي التام غالبا مع كلمات مثل:
after / before / when / as soon as / no sooner / till / until
After ماضي تام ماضي بسيط
As soon as
● First he did the homework. Then he went to bed. (after)
After he had done the homework, he went to bed.
•لاحظ أنه يمكن أيضا استخدام الماضي البسيط بدلا من الماضي التام بعد after/as soon as :
•After he saw / had seen the film, he went out.
•لاحظ أن after / before / when / as soon as يمكن أن تأتي في وسط الجملة أو بدايتها:
•Before he did the shopping, he cleaned/had cleaned the room.
•He cleaned / had cleaned the room before he did the shopping.
•لاحظ استخدام comma بين الجملتين إذا بدأت الجملة بالروابط السابقة:
After + فاعل + ماضي تام = Having + PP
After he had done = Having done
● He went to bed after he had done the homework. (Having …)
Having done the homework, he went to bed.
● As soon as they had arrived, we phoned them. (Having …)
Having arrived, we phoned them.
•في حالة عدم وجود فاعل بعد after / before / when نستخدم v.+ing:
After
Before + v.+ing
When
•يمكن استخدام اسم بعد after / before:
● After his father's death, he left the country.
= After his father had died, he left the country.
• لاحظ استخدام by the time في الماضي:
By the time + ماضي بسيط ماضي تام
● By the time my friend arrived, I had finished my homework.
•استخدام الماضي التام مع when يتوقف علي أي الحدثين وقع أولا
● When she arrived, we had finished our lunch.
= We had finished before she arrived.
● When I had finished work, I went home.
= After I had finished work, I went home.
•وبصفة عامة عندما يكون الفعلان مع when في الماضي البسيط فان الفعل بعدها هو الذي حدث أولا:
● When the play ended, the audience went home.
● When he opened the window, the bird flew out.
•أحيانا تستخدم on بدلا من when ويأتي بعدها الفعل مضافا له : ing
● When she saw the robber, she called the police.
On seeing the robber, she called the police.
Before + ماضي بسيط ماضي تام
● First we turned off the lights. Then we left. (Before)
Before we left, we had turned off the lights.
•ماضي بسيط منفى + till / until ماضي تام
•تأتي till/ until في وسط الجملة و قبلها الماضي البسيط (منفي) و بعدها الماضي التام:
•Before he left, I had given him permission.
He didn’t leave until I had given him permission.
•After she had typed the letter, she posted it. (until)
She didn’t post the letter until she had typed it.
•لا يكون الماضي البسيط قبل till/until دائما منفي بل قد تكون الجملة أحيانا مثبتة :
•He stayed in bed until half past nine.
• أحيانا يستخدم الماضي التام بعد because بشرط أن تكون الجملة في الماضي والحدث بعد because هو الذي حدث أولا:
•The teacher was pleased because all his students had passed the test.
• He looked tired yesterday because he had slept badly the night before.
• Leila was late for school because the bus had broken down.
•He was angry because he had lost his job.
•يستخدم الماضي التام مع الكلمات الدالة علي المضارع التام إذا كان في الجملة ماضي بسيط:
for / ever / never / already / yet / just
The film has already started. (present perfect)
•في الجملة السابقة استخدمنا المضارع التام لوجود فعل واحد مع already:
The film had already started when I arrived. (past perfect)
• ولاحظ الفرق أيضا بين الجملتين الآتيتين:
The man sitting next to me on the plane is nervous. He has never flown before.
The man sitting next to me on the plane was nervous. He had never flown before.
More Examples:
When we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started.
When I met him, he hadn't finished his homework yet.
When I arrived home, my father had just left.
When I got home, I found that someone had broken into my house and had stolen my jewelry.
It was the best novel I had ever read.
The house was dirty. They hadn't cleaned it yet.
•ويستخدم الماضي التام أيضا في غير المباشر:
•She said she had seen the film the night before.
•وهذه الجملة كانت أصلا ماضي بسيط في المباشر وحولناه إلي الماضي التام في غير المباشر:
•She said, "I saw the film last night."
•لاحظ استخدام الماضي التام بعد By then ومعناها قبل ذلك الوقت:
•He arrived at the party at 11 o'clock yesterday. By then, most guests had left.
•ويستخدم الماضي التام بعد wish للتعبير عن التمني في الماضي:
•I wish I had seen my friends yesterday.
•ويستخدم الماضي التام أيضا بعد if في الحالة الثالثة:
•If I had known he was ill, I would have visited him.
•وفي حالة المبني للمجهول نستخدم: Had been + PP.
•He said that he had cleaned the room.
He said that the room had been cleaned.
The Past Perfect Continuous Tense
•ويتكون من:
Had been + V+ing
•ويستخدم الماضي التام المستمر ليعبر عن حدث استمر لفترة في الماضي قبل وقوع حدث آخر ويستخدم عادة مع when/since / for/ all day / all weekend :
•ويأتي عادة مع أفعال يمكن أن تستغرق فترة طويلة مثل wait / do / study / live / work / stay / play / watch / sleep / paint / read / write / talk / run / walk / travel, ..etc:
When I arrived home, he had been cleaning the room for two hours.
They had been waiting for an hour before the train arrived.
What had he been doing when the accident happened?
There were floods because it had been raining for three days.
He was tired because he had been working since dawn.
He was covered in paint. He had been painting the room since we left.
Our game of tennis was interrupted. We had been playing for an hour when it started to rain.
•لاحظ أن هناك أفعال لا تستخدم في الأزمنة المستمرة عموما ومنها الماضي التام المستمر (راجع الوحدة الأولي):
We were good friends. We had known each other for 10 years.
•ومن الخطأ استخدام الماضي التام المستمر في الجملة السابقة.
•كما لا يستخدم الماضي التام المستمر مع الأفعال التي لا تستغرق عادة فترة طويلة في حدوثها مثل break down / stop / close / open/ end / finish وفي هذه الحالة نستخدم الماضي التام:
She was late for the meeting because her car had broken down.
•إذا ذكرنا مرات حدوث الفعل لا يستخدم الماضي التام المستمر بل نستخدم الماضي التام:
When I met Ahmed, he had finished typing 3 reports.
Exercises on Grammar:
Choose the correct answer:
1. When Ali went to university, he (had been studying – has been studying – studies – was studying) English for ten years.
2. I was tired yesterday morning because I (was reading - had been reading – have been reading – read) until late the night before.
3. By the time I went to sleep, I (have read – had been reading - had read – reading) a hundred pages.
4. The manager decided to change the date of the conference, even though she (had been sending – has been sending – has already sent - had already sent) out 20 invitations.
5. Unfortunately, even though he (had been training – has been training – has trained – was training) for six months, Ali didn't win the race.
6. We (are thinking – think – will think - had been thinking) about staying in Alexandria for our holiday, but finally decided to go to the Red Sea, even though we (had gone – would go – are going – go) there twice already.
7. My friend and I (had been talking – talk – will be talking – are talking) for more than an hour before I put the phone down.
8. Ali wasn't feeling well yesterday. He (studies – has studied - had been studying – has been studying) hard all weekend. He had been trying to finish an essay the teacher had given him last week.
9. By the time he arrived at the station, the train (had left – leaves – was leaving – was left), so he missed it.
10. When I met her, she (already reads – has already read – had already read – was being read) two short stories.
11. When his novel Moby Dick came out in 1851, Melville (had written – had been writing – wrote – has written) for five years.
12. When I arrived at the airport, my plane (had just taken off – has just taken off – will just take off – just takes off).
13. They (weren't – didn't – couldn't – wouldn't) released until they had paid the bail. كفالة
14. By the age of 20, Melville was bored with the jobs he (does – has done – had been doing – is doing) and decided to look for adventure.
15. He (hadn't finished – hasn't finished – wasn't finishing – hadn't finished) his final novel about life at sea at the time of his death.
16. He felt ill because he (has eaten – had eaten – is eating – will eat) too much junk food.
17. By the time he arrived yesterday, the meeting (is – was – had been – has been) over.
18. After I had written the letter, I put a stamp on it and (taken – take – was taking – took) it to the post office.
19. After (read – had read – reading – reads) the instructions, I was able to use the machine.
20. There was some broken glass on the floor because someone (had broken – has broken – was breaking – is breaking) the window.
Find the mistake in each of the following sentences and write it correctly:
1- He started writing in his mid twenties. By then, he travels all over the world.
2- Before he went back to America, he has been living with a group of primitive people for 4 months.
3- As soon as he received the phone call, he has gone to the airport.
4- He looked very tired. He works so hard all weekend.
5- She seemed to be very happy. Perhaps she is receiving some good news.
6- I am seeing a good film last night.
7- He sounded very angry when I spoke to him this morning. Perhaps he loses his job.
8- She wasn't helping her mother until she had done the homework.
9- She was excited about going to London. She has never been there before.
10- Nobody leaves until the meeting had ended.
Communication Skills
Making Recommendation Reasons
I'm sure you'd enjoy/love (this book). It's a very exciting/interesting (story).
You really should (read this book). The characters are so real.
I can really recommend (this book) to you. You won't be able to put it down.
•عبارات تستخدم عندما نبدي رأيا في كتاب أو قصة أو فيلم مثلا:
•(The book / film) is too long and slow.
•It's not really my kind of (book/film). انه ليس النوعية التي أفضلها من .
•I know it's long, but I couldn't put it down.
•I have read other (novels) by…,but this one is the most exciting.
•It's too serious. انه جاد أكثر من اللازم
•It's too hard to understand.
Test on Unit 11
1- Respond to the following situations:
1- You see a friend reading a book. Ask your friend what the book is called and who wrote it.
2- A friend asks if you are enjoying your book. Say that you are and recommend it to your friend.
3- Your friend asks why you would recommend the book. Say the main reason is that it is easy to read.
4- You have just bought a new CD by your favourite singer. Recommend it to a friend.
2- Say where these mini-dialogues take place and who the speakers are:
1- A: How much is this vacuum cleaner, please?
B: It's 1200 pounds.
A: O.K. I'll buy it.
2- A: You are too late, Hala.
B: I'm so sorry sir. I missed the bus.
A: O.K. Type this letter for me, please.
3- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d
1- The two boys looked very tired. They (have been playing – had been playing – play – would play) football for two hours.
2- Ann woke in the middle of the night. She looked very frightened. Perhaps she (is dreaming – dreams – had been dreaming – has dreamt).
3- Mother looked exhausted. She (cooks – has cooked – is cooking – had been cooking) for 2 hours.
4- When I arrived at the meeting, I found that it (has just ended – had just ended – was just ending – just ends).
5- Before he operated the machine, he (has read – read – reads – is reading) the instructions carefully.
6- I didn't know about the accident until I (have read – was reading – read – had read) the papers.
7- When I arrived at the station, the train (left – had left – leaves – was left) so I missed it.
8- After (see – had seen – had been seeing – seeing) the robbers, I phoned the police.
9- This is a (whaling – waking – waiting – willing) ship. It hunts whales.
10- My cousin and his family live in a (near – close – remote – route) part of the country, 50 kilometres from the nearest town.
11- As soon as their ship arrived in the port, all the passengers went (shore – seashore – ashore – beach).
12- I don't really like funny films or books. I prefer (ridiculous – silly – serious – boring) ones.
13- The cave painting was painted by (limited – printed – preventive – primitive) people thousands of years ago.
14- Ahmed had a very busy morning. By the time he stopped for lunch, he (had made – made – had been making – has made) 17 phone calls.
15- How long (had you wait – have you been waiting – had you been waiting – have you waited) before your train arrived.
16- Turn left at the traffic lights, and you'll see the hospital straight (head – heads – ahead – heading).
4- Find the mistake in each of the following sentences then write it correctly
1- We always go aboard in summer.
2- Africa is the second largest of the world's countries.
3- We all went assure when our ship came to port.
4- She was tired when she arrived home. She is working all day.
5- By the time he reached the bus stop, the bus has already been leaving.
6- Before he is sending the e-mail, he made two phone calls.
5- Read the following passage then answer the questions:
Charles was a professor with a huge house and a fortune. Today he lives in a small caravan where there is only second hand furniture. There are no signs that he was a rich man. He gets his clothes and other things from charity shops.
This change is not a tragedy. Charles was happy to give the lifestyle of a rich man. He was tired of being a person who had everything and many people have nothing. He made the choice to give all his money away. He says it has brought him happiness. “A few years ago,” says Charles, “I was a millionaire, but I knew there were a lot of hungry people in the world.” So, he gave away all his money to charities. When he had some left, he gave away small banknotes in the streets of local poor areas.
Charles believes that many people want to earn a lot of money so that they will not have any worries. However, most people never make much money. He decided to drop out and has discovered that having only a little money makes you free. Are there any things he misses? “No, I’m much happier now. I wouldn’t go back to being rich for anything – no way.”
A. Answer the following questions:
1. Would you like to be a millionaire? Why? Why not?
2. Compare Charles’ life in the past to his life now.
3. What does the underlined word it refer to?
B. Choose the correct answer:
4. According to the text, Charles has -----------------------------
a) a family b) a huge house
c) everything in the world d) only a little money
5. Now Charles is very happy because----------------------------.
a) he is a millionaire b) he has no money
c) he misses nothing d) he lives in a small caravan
6- Read the following passage and then answer the questions
It must be said that the majority of those who are against Genetically Modified (GM) foods are neither living in countries which suffer from food shortages, nor facing starvation. Many scientists believe that without GM foods, the Third World will never overcome its food problems.
At present, over one billion people live on less than one dollar a day. The United Nations hopes this number will be cut in half within fifteen years. This will not happen if food continues to be produced in the conventional manner. Foods produced by traditional farming methods do not last very long and often spoil during transport. Very often, food sent by the West to countries suffering from famine, rots before it reaches its destination.
Now scientists have found ways to preserve foods for much longer time. For example, they have developed a preservative made from vitamins and minerals which keeps even cut fruit fresh for up to ten days if refrigerated. Despite this, there are still people who believe that agricultural research should be moving in a different direction. They accept that there is no real proof that GM foods are dangerous. However, they believe that the solutions that GM foods provide are short-term and that it is necessary to find longer lasting and natural means to solve the world's food problems.
A. Answer the following questions
1- How do scientists preserve foods for a long time?
2- Mention one disadvantage of food grown by conventional methods.
3- Give a title to the passage.
B. Choose the correct answer:
4- The expression "cut in half" means--------------------.
a) cut into pieces b) add one half
c) decrease by half d) become one and a half
5- Most of the food sent to starving countries-----------------.
a) never decays b) decays after it reaches them
c) decays on the way d) does not decay until it is eaten by them
8- Write a paragraph of 7 sentences on the following subject:
“The Problem of Pollution”
You may include the following points:
- Air pollution - Noise is a sort of pollution
- water pollution - Reducing pollution
9- A)Translate into Arabic:
Is our planet a safe place for animals? Unfortunately, it doesn't seem like it. Thousands of species have become extinct and many more are now endangered. We need to do something fast before it is too late for them.
B) Translate into English:
1- أصبحت الإعلانات جزءا هاما من حياتنا اليومية.
2- إن قطع الغابات يمكن أن تكون له تأثيرات خطيرة علي المناخ.
